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云间第一桥

2022-06-28

路接张泾近,塘连谷水长。一声清鹤泪,片月在沧浪。”宋代诗人陆蒙曾经这样描绘松江的云间第一桥。



造型类似汴京虹桥


云间第一桥横跨古浦塘,俗称跨塘桥,初为石桥,水洞三环,高可通巨舰。后来,石桥年久倾圮,改以原木构建,形制与《清明上河图》中的汴京虹桥类似,为当时松江最大的一座桥,故得名“云间第一桥”。


相传明代某年端午节,古浦塘上举行龙舟竞赛,桥上人多拥挤,桥被压塌。明成化年间在旧址重建为三孔石桥,桥额有清同治十一年镌刻的“云间第一桥”。至清同治年间,再度重修,呈三孔石拱桥,高8米,宽5米,长30米。拱券部分用青石砌成,桥面及阶栏杆则用花岗石。1986年,因年久失修,桥拱变形,部分石料在修葺时换成花岗岩石。


昔时,满载漕粮的船只都是从云间第一桥正式起航前往京师,过了云间第一桥,一去便是风波千里。


民间传说缠绵悲壮


关于云间第一桥,民间还流传着一段才子佳人的故事。


明崇祯十一年秋天,柳如是化装成翩翩公子,乘坐一条名为“兰舟”的小画舫来到松江。当兰舟驶向云间第一桥时,恰巧碰上陈子龙为复社的知己杨龙友送行。陈子龙站在桥上目送朋友远去,柳如是与陈子龙四目相对,却有似曾相识之感,陈子龙便邀柳如是到松江南园一叙。


南园是座幽静的园林,是复社成员会文的场所。也许是志趣相投,柳如是一进南园就喜欢上了这里的一切。她翻阅陈子龙的诗文手稿,爱不释手,两人十分投缘。然而,陈子龙不愿因儿女之情影响复社的事业。于是,柳如是决定离开,陈子龙陪她乘上兰舟,从南园送到云间第一桥,相对无言。陈子龙解下腰间的祖传宝刀赠与柳如是,柳如是当场回赠一首诗:“苍然万木自苹烟,摇落鱼龙有岁年。人似许玄登望怯,客如平子学愁编。空怀神女虚无宅,近有秋风缥缈篇。日暮飘零更何所,翩翩雁翅独超前。”


9年之后,即顺治四年,一直在反抗清政府统治的陈子龙不幸被捕。清兵押解他去南京,途经云间第一桥,他趁清兵不备,纵身跃入江中自尽。翌年,柳如是全身缟素来到云间第一桥祭拜。这个缠绵悲壮的故事一直在松江民间流传,为云间第一桥增添了传奇色彩

The road is close to Zhangjing, and the pond and valley are long. With a cry of Qinghe tears, the moon is in the canglang. "The Song Dynasty poet Lu Meng once described the first bridge among the clouds in Songjiang.



Caption: The First Bridge in the Clouds Photo by Xinmin Evening News reporter Tang Min


Similar in shape to Bianjing Hongqiao


The first bridge in Yunjian spans Guputang, commonly known as the Cross-pond Bridge. It was originally a stone bridge, the third ring of the water hole, and the high-capacity giant ship. Later, the stone bridge collapsed for a long time and was built with logs. The shape is similar to the Bianjing Hongqiao in the "Qingming Shanghe Tu". It was the largest bridge in Songjiang at that time, so it was named "The First Bridge in the Clouds".


According to legend, during the Dragon Boat Festival in the Ming Dynasty, a dragon boat race was held on Guputang. The bridge was crowded and collapsed. During the Chenghua period of the Ming Dynasty, it was rebuilt as a three-hole stone bridge at the old site. During the Tongzhi period of the Qing Dynasty, it was rebuilt again. It was a three-hole stone arch bridge, 8 meters high, 5 meters wide and 30 meters long. The arch part is made of bluestone, and the bridge deck and step railings are made of granite. In 1986, due to disrepair for a long time, the arch of the bridge was deformed, and part of the stone was replaced with granite during the repair.


In the past, ships full of grains all set sail from the first bridge in the cloud to the capital. After crossing the first bridge in the cloud, it was a storm for thousands of miles.


tragic folklore


Regarding the first bridge in the cloud, there is also a story of a talented and beautiful woman circulating among the people.


In the autumn of the eleventh year of Chongzhen in the Ming Dynasty, Liu Rushi disguised himself as a handsome boy and took a small painting boat called "Lanzhou" to Songjiang. When Lanzhou was heading for the first bridge in Yunjian, he happened to meet Chen Zilong to see off Yang Longyou, a confidant of the Fushe Society. Chen Zilong stood on the bridge and watched his friends go away. Liu Ruzhi and Chen Zilong looked at each other, but they felt like they knew each other. Chen Zilong invited Liu Ruzhi to the South Park of Songjiang for a chat.


The South Garden is a quiet garden, where the members of the Fushe Society meet. Maybe it was like-minded, Liu Rushi fell in love with everything here as soon as he entered the South Garden. She flipped through Chen Zilong's poems and manuscripts and couldn't put it down. However, Chen Zilong is unwilling to affect the cause of Fushe because of the love of his children. Therefore, Liu Rushi decided to leave, and Chen Zilong accompanies her on the Lanzhou boat from Nanyuan to the First Bridge of Clouds, relatively speechless. Chen Zilong untied the ancestral sword from his waist and gave it to Liu Ruzhi, who gave back a poem on the spot: "Cangran is a thousand trees from Pingyan, and the fish and dragons are shaken for years. People seem to be Xu Xuandeng looking timid, and guests are like Pingzi learning to write. The goddess has no house, and there is an autumn wind in the near future. What's more, the sun and the twilight are drifting, and the wings of the wild geese are ahead."


Nine years later, four years after Shunzhi, Chen Zilong, who had been resisting the rule of the Qing government, was unfortunately arrested. Qing soldiers escorted him to Nanjing, passing the first bridge in Yunjian. The following year, Liu Rushi came to the first bridge of Yunjian to worship. This tragic and tragic story has been circulated among Songjiang folks, adding a legendary color to the first bridge in the cloud.


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